While cron and anacron are used to schedule recurring tasks, the at command is used to schedule a one-time task at a specific time. The batch command is used to schedule a one-time task to be executed when the systems load average drops below 0.8.
To use at or batch you must have the at RPM package installed, and the atd service must be running. To determine if the package is installed, use the rpm -q at command. To determine if the service is running, use the command /sbin/service atd status.
To schedule a one-time job at a specific time, type the command at time, where time is the time to execute the command.
The argument time can be one of the following:
HH:MM format — For example, 04:00 specifies 4:00AM. If the time is already past, it is executed at the specified time the next day.
midnight — Specifies 12:00AM.
noon — Specifies 12:00PM.
teatime — Specifies 4:00PM.
month-name day year format — For example, January 15 2002 specifies the 15th day of January in the year 2002. The year is optional.
MMDDYY, MM/DD/YY, or MM.DD.YY formats — For example, 011502 for the 15th day of January in the year 2002.
now + time — time is in minutes, hours, days, or weeks. For example, now + 5 days specifies that the command should be executed at the same time in five days.
The time must be specified first, followed by the optional date. For more information about the time format, read the /usr/share/doc/at-<version>/timespec text file.
After typing the at command with the time argument,
the at> prompt is displayed. Type the command to
execute, press
If the set of commands or script tries to display information to standard out, the output is emailed to the user.
Use the command atq to view pending jobs. Refer to Section 28.3.3 Viewing Pending Jobs for more information.
Usage of the at command can be restricted. Refer to Section 28.3.5 Controlling Access to At and Batch for details.
To execute a one-time task when the load average is below 0.8, use the batch command.
After typing the batch command, the
at> prompt is displayed. Type the command to execute,
press
If the set of commands or script tries to display information to standard out, the output is emailed to the user.
Use the command atq to view pending jobs. Refer to Section 28.3.3 Viewing Pending Jobs for more information.
Usage of the batch command can be restricted. Refer to Section 28.3.5 Controlling Access to At and Batch for details.
To view pending at and batch jobs, use the atq command. It displays a list of pending jobs, with each job on a line. Each line is in the format job number, date, hour, job class, and username. Users can only view their own jobs. If the root user executes the atq command, all jobs for all users are displayed.
The /etc/at.allow and /etc/at.deny files can be used to restrict access to the at and batch commands. The format of both access control files is one username on each line. Whitespace is not permitted in either file. The at daemon (atd) does not have to be restarted if the access control files are modified. The access control files are read each time a user tries to execute the at or batch commands.
The root user can always execute at and batch commands, regardless of the access control files.
If the file at.allow exists, only users listed in it are allowed to use at or batch, and the at.deny file is ignored.
If at.allow does not exist, all users listed in at.deny are not allowed to use at or batch.
To start the at service, use the command /sbin/service atd start. To stop the service, use the command /sbin/service atd stop. It is recommended that you start the service at boot time. Refer to Chapter 14 Controlling Access to Services for details on starting the cron service automatically at boot time.