13.3. OpenLDAP Daemons and Utilities

The suite of OpenLDAP libraries and tools is spread out over the following packages:

There are two servers contained in the openldap-servers package: the Standalone LDAP Daemon (/usr/sbin/slapd) and the Standalone LDAP Update Replication Daemon (/usr/sbin/slurpd).

The slapd daemon is the standalone LDAP server while the slurpd daemon is used to synchronize changes from one LDAP server to other LDAP servers on the network. The slurpd daemon is only used when dealing with multiple LDAP servers.

To perform administrative tasks, the openldap-servers package installs the following utilities into the /usr/sbin/ directory:

WarningWarning
 

Be sure to stop slapd by issuing /usr/sbin/service slapd stop before using slapadd, slapcat or slapindex. Otherwise, the integrity of the LDAP directory is at risk.

For more information about how to use these utilities, see their respective man pages.

The openldap-clients package installs tools into /usr/bin/ which are used to add, modify, and delete entries in an LDAP directory. These tools include the following:

With the exception of ldapsearch, each of these utilities is more easily used by referencing a file containing the changes to be made rather than typing a command for each entry you wish to change in an LDAP directory. The format of such a file is outlined in each application's man page.

13.3.1. NSS, PAM, and LDAP

In addition to the OpenLDAP packages, Red Hat Linux includes a package called nss_ldap which enhances LDAP's ability to integrate into both Linux and other UNIX environments.

The nss_ldap package provides the following modules:

The libnss_ldap-<glibc-version>.so module allows applications to look up users, groups, hosts, and other information using an LDAP directory via glibc's Nameservice Switch (NSS) interface. NSS allows applications to authenticate using LDAP in conjunction with the Network Information Service (NIS) name service and flat authentication files.

The pam_ldap module allows PAM-aware applications to authenticate users using information stored in an LDAP directory. PAM-aware applications include console login, POP and IMAP mail servers, and Samba. By deploying an LDAP server on your network, all of these applications can authenticate using the same user ID and password combination, greatly simplifying administration.

13.3.2. PHP4, the Apache HTTP Server, and LDAP

Red Hat Linux includes a package containing an LDAP module for the PHP server-side scripting language.

The php-ldap package adds LDAP support to the PHP4 HTML-embedded scripting language via the /usr/lib/php4/ldap.so module. This module allows PHP4 scripts to access information stored in an LDAP directory.

ImportantImportant
 

Red Hat Linux no longer ships with the auth_ldap package. This package provided LDAP support for versions 1.3 and earlier of the Apache HTTP Server. See the Apache Software Foundation website at http://www.apache.org/ for details on the status of this module.

13.3.3. LDAP Client Applications

There are graphical LDAP clients available which support creating and modifying directories, but they do not ship with Red Hat Linux. One such application is LDAP Browser/Editor — A Java-based tool available online at http://www.iit.edu/~gawojar/ldap.

Most other LDAP clients access directories as read-only, using them to reference, but not alter, organization-wide information. Some examples of such applications are Mozilla-based Web browsers, Sendmail, Balsa, Pine, Evolution, and Gnome Meeting.